Fig. 4From: Optimal beam sources for Stark decelerators in collision experiments: a tutorial reviewSimulated time-of-flight profiles for ND 3 molecules exiting the Stark decelerator for guiding (ϕ 0=0°, left column) and deceleration (ϕ 0=50°, right column) when the opening time of the pulsed valve is 20 μs (a and b), 50 μs (c and d) or 100 μs (e and f)Back to article page