Fig. 5
From: Optimal beam sources for Stark decelerators in collision experiments: a tutorial review
Experimental (red curves) and simulated (blue curves) TOF profiles for ND 3 molecules exiting the Stark decelerator, when a Jordan Valve (left column) or a Nijmegen Pulsed Valve (middle column) is used. The Stark decelerator is operated to guide (ϕ 0=0°) a packet of molecules through the decelerator at constant speed, and Ar (panel a-c), Kr (panel d-f), or Xe (panel g-i) is used as seed gas. The selected velocity from the molecular beam pulse, as well as the velocity with which the packet exits the decelerator, is indicated in each panel. The associated ITSs are shown in the right column (solid line: NPV, dashed line: JV)