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Table 1 Expected steady-state temperatures of Ba + ions for the large N i limit after being immersed in a variety of gases with polarizability α, density ρ, and temperature T n

From: Sympathetic cooling of molecular ions with ultracold atoms

Gas

α (a.u.)

ρ (cm −3)

T n

T create

T u

T maintain

3He

1.38

1014

170 mK

10 K

2 K

300 mK

4He

1.38

1014

4 K

10 K

23Na

163

1012

100 μK

30 K

800 mK

200 μK

87Rb

319

1012

10 μK

30 K

800 mK

40 μK

40Ca

157

1010

4 mK

300 K

  1. T create(T maintain) is the temperature reached if the ions are initialized above (below) T u