Figure 3

Illustration of the S2C2 losses in the BDSIM model. Figure 3(a) schematically displays the two sources of proton losses in the S2C2: the uniformly distributed losses along the accelerator circumference (green) and the extraction losses located at the septum (red). In Figures, 3(b) and 3(c), the blue and green lines respectively represent the positively charged particles (protons) and the neutral particles (neutrons and photons). The extraction line quadrupoles are represented in red with their coils represented in orange. The so-called “extraction slits”, horizontal collimators protecting the downstream elements, are represented in dark green. Figure 3(c) illustrates the results obtained from the primary losses simulations. The important number of tracks with short step lengths shows that most of the neutral particles generated are neutrons